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Today our theme will be about the Pyelogic cycle but in a way we have not touched on before so it will be more detailed
This topic has long raised several debates and debates about the importance of the session and the methods of composition and the duration required or that takes this process and what is useful and what harmful substances that deal with and how to get rid of these materials today I will explain, but about these things and what I know about the obstacles to establish this process I hope that God will be able to deliver the information to you
First, we start with the harmful substances and their ammonia
H2 + N2 = NH3
The fish are almost continuous in the release of nitrogen compounds in multiple images including ammonia and some of the uric acid and other nitrogen compounds and fish from the ammonia formed in the liver through the gills under the effect of the so-called salt spread force, a high density and low density and here is a simple and may ask some The salt helps to create a low density space, which helps the fish to get rid of the toxins inside the body of the fish through this process, while the rest of the nitrogen in the form of urea except for the Brazilian fries Nitrogen, and another source of ammonia. Another source of ammonia is the metabolism of amino acids, which represent the source of energy, turns into nitrogen and decomposes plant and animal matter to ammonia, as well as urea. Ammonia and carbon dioxide result in ammonia dissolved in water, hydroxidamonium
H2O + NH3↔NH4OH↔NH4 + OH~
In the water medium is increased
Ph
Nitrite and nitrate
Nitrite is the product of the transformation of ammonia by a type of bacteria, namely nitrosomonas, the intermediate agent of oxygen-assisted transformation and another type of nitrite to nitrate,
NH3 + O2 ------------ NO3 ----- NO2 + 3H
The natural biological cycle is the beginning of the nitrogen cycle and the durability of the entire life cycle of the ponds, which is important for the survival and preservation of the life and health of the fish. The biological cycle begins when ammonia begins to form in the basin due to fish waste and the decomposition of the decomposed food. Although ammonia is harmful to fish, Because it represents the food for beneficial bacteria, which allows bacteria to be formed and grow and spread well
The work of the pelvic session in the basin will be explained briefly and in a simplified manner
When the ammonia in the basin consists of the residue of food and waste, which are harmful elements in the aquarium for the fish. When increasing the proportion of ammonia in the basin, a type of bacteria begins to form in the basin,
nitrosomonas
The bacteria begin to feed on ammonia and turn it into nitrite. The ammonia ratio starts to decrease. This occurs in the first week of the biological cycle. It is half the stage of the biological cycle, which is completed from one month to one and a half months
Here we have nitrite and it also poses a danger to the fish, which is very toxic to the fish, although it is not as dangerous to fish as ammonia but also harmful in fish and here the increase in the proportion of nitrite in the basin consists of another type of bacteria fed on nitrite and converted to nitrate
As for nitrates, there are bacillus and sommonis bacteria
pseudomonas and Bacillus
These anaerobic bacteria live in anaerobic circles that convert nitrate nitrite back to nitrogen and then release into the air in a gas form
Now that we know the harmful substances and how and the factors that help to get rid of them we will touch on the subject of the composition of the session Bayelogip simplified
The natural biological cycle is the beginning of the nitrogen cycle and the durability of the entire life cycle of the ponds, which is important for the survival and preservation of the life and health of the fish. The biological cycle begins when ammonia begins to form in the basin due to fish waste and the decomposition of the decomposed food. Although ammonia is harmful to fish, Because it represents the food for beneficial bacteria, which allows bacteria to be formed and grow and spread well
The work of the pelvic session in the basin will be explained briefly and in a simplified manner
When the ammonia in the basin consists of the residue of food and waste, which are harmful elements in the aquarium for the fish. When increasing the proportion of ammonia in the basin, a type of bacteria begins to form in the basin,
nitrosomonas
The bacteria begin to feed on ammonia and turn it into nitrite. The ammonia ratio starts to decrease. This occurs in the first week of the biological cycle. It is half the stage of the biological cycle, which is completed from one month to one and a half months
This is also a danger to fish, which is highly toxic to fish, although it is not as dangerous to fish as ammonia, but it is also harmful in fish, and here is the increase in nitrite in the basin. Another type of bacteria that feeds on nitrite and converts it into nitrates and nitrates, The aphthic bacteria into nitrite and then to the nitrogen as we explained previously
In the period not a few companies have manufactured some materials to speed up the process and each company secrets to the process of manufacturing, but these materials proved their activities in varying proportions according to the quality of the product is known that bacteria nitrosomonas multiply fission every 6 hours Nitropectr is the rate of reproduction every 12 this in normal conditions and without Any help factors, of course, bacteria need several factors to help them to form colonies and food, namely ammonia, including oxygen and the appropriate temperature and water free of chemicals such as chlorine and antibiotics, so that the environment suitable for the completion ... If none of these conditions is available
Either the process fails or is slow to form, so some companies add substances that eliminate chlorine and reduce the proportion of substances harmful to the salts and minerals with the addition of some steroids for bacteria such as acid and alcohol to deal with such things so this step is considered a good step in the process of establishing a session Bielogih conclusion process Pyelogic cycle is not required of us to set up the pyelogic cycle only, but to sustain it so as not to cause the collapse of the cycle. One of the factors that cause the collapse of the pyelogenous cycle is 1 - temperature. The sudden change in temperature has an effect on the life of bacteria as it has on the life of Asma 2 - the addition of materials for the treatment of disinfectants or antibiotics, either parasitic and viral antibiotics have no effect on the bacteria, but the incendiary materials, including 3 - failure to properly maintain the basin as a complete change of water or wash filters with chlorine or fish feeding in large quantities, especially at the beginning of the course This will lead to large quantities of production that bacteria can not treat because of their rate of time splitting. Here, the breakdown will be partial to the pyelogic cycle, so we will increase the amount of bacteria. Here, the role of the materials manufactured for this purpose, or change a small part of the water every day with quantitative reduction. This is where most fish farmers are asleep. The cycle is complete and any amount of harmful substances will be treated. But the percentage of the bacteria is absent. Is it suitable and ready for treatment? Maintaining the Pyelogic cycle There are some things and situations that some amateurs miss. First of all, we will talk briefly about how to change a part of the water, ie, periodic change. We must start by making sure that there is no chlorine in the water, and check it with chlorine detector if it is available in the markets in your countries. If the detector is not available, you should leave Enough water with a sugary air and a heater to raise the temperature to accelerate the process of evaporation of chlorine from water and to make sure we rest this water with the heater and sugar for two days so ensure the evaporation of chlorine from water and to make sure more so before adding water to the basin we test the acidity of water and degree If we can not do this, we transfer a fish and put it in this water and monitor it for a period which is the best proof of water quality before adding it. We observe during this period the fish breathe because the chlorine first affects the gals and the fish body and the mucous membrane of the body. Heat the tub with or Is higher than the pelvic degree so as not to cause the process of decomposition of the mucous membrane of the fish, which is the first line of defense of the fish against diseases and any defect will attack bacteria and cause several diseases, including white spots and the erosion of fins and fangs so we have to note that the water added either equal temperature Or a degree, for example, if one of us came out of a warm place to a colder place will be infected with colds or lethargy is a nasal mucosa and the attack of the vertex that cause colds or leaks so we have to know that the temperature impact on the mucosa whether it has fish or human They are The other case is exposed to the hobbyist, the transfer of fish from one basin to another or change the water basin after the completion of the pelvic cycle of the basin, some argue that the basin does not need periodic change, but miss the idea that there are ratios of ammonia, nitrite and varying nitrates may rise and therefore periodic change The biogeochemical cycle is dependent on the activity of the bilogic cycle and its permanence. It also avoids the fluctuation of the pores and the high temperature of the water. All these things affect the biological cycle. When the pyelogenous cycle collapses, the hobbyist attempts to restore it again by initiating a complete change of the basin water and washing all the contents of the basin. In the basin for the non-activity of fish and vitality and there are those who used to wash the basin with salt and warm water each time and this is one of the reasons for the elimination of positive bacteria, which is beneficial to the basis of the cycle is true that salt is one of the sterilizers good and not have a negative impact on fish, but their use is not always but necessary Etc. The situation that must be followed in the case of the collapse of the pyelogical cycle is to change half the water of the basin because the collapse that occurred is partial and not completely so if we wash the basin and the complete change of water we have spent the entire cycle of bilogy but if we change the part Of the water of the basin will revive the cycle of belogic The procedures followed when the collapse of the cycle is the withdrawal of the pellets from the crush with the withdrawal of half the water of the basin and add new water and stabilize the temperature from 24 to 28 degrees Celsius, so we will return the cycle Albilogip to our ponds as soon as possible
Today our theme will be about the Pyelogic cycle but in a way we have not touched on before so it will be more detailed
This topic has long raised several debates and debates about the importance of the session and the methods of composition and the duration required or that takes this process and what is useful and what harmful substances that deal with and how to get rid of these materials today I will explain, but about these things and what I know about the obstacles to establish this process I hope that God will be able to deliver the information to you
First, we start with the harmful substances and their ammonia
H2 + N2 = NH3
The fish are almost continuous in the release of nitrogen compounds in multiple images including ammonia and some of the uric acid and other nitrogen compounds and fish from the ammonia formed in the liver through the gills under the effect of the so-called salt spread force, a high density and low density and here is a simple and may ask some The salt helps to create a low density space, which helps the fish to get rid of the toxins inside the body of the fish through this process, while the rest of the nitrogen in the form of urea except for the Brazilian fries Nitrogen, and another source of ammonia. Another source of ammonia is the metabolism of amino acids, which represent the source of energy, turns into nitrogen and decomposes plant and animal matter to ammonia, as well as urea. Ammonia and carbon dioxide result in ammonia dissolved in water, hydroxidamonium
H2O + NH3↔NH4OH↔NH4 + OH~
In the water medium is increased
Ph
Nitrite and nitrate
Nitrite is the product of the transformation of ammonia by a type of bacteria, namely nitrosomonas, the intermediate agent of oxygen-assisted transformation and another type of nitrite to nitrate,
NH3 + O2 ------------ NO3 ----- NO2 + 3H
The natural biological cycle is the beginning of the nitrogen cycle and the durability of the entire life cycle of the ponds, which is important for the survival and preservation of the life and health of the fish. The biological cycle begins when ammonia begins to form in the basin due to fish waste and the decomposition of the decomposed food. Although ammonia is harmful to fish, Because it represents the food for beneficial bacteria, which allows bacteria to be formed and grow and spread well
The work of the pelvic session in the basin will be explained briefly and in a simplified manner
When the ammonia in the basin consists of the residue of food and waste, which are harmful elements in the aquarium for the fish. When increasing the proportion of ammonia in the basin, a type of bacteria begins to form in the basin,
nitrosomonas
The bacteria begin to feed on ammonia and turn it into nitrite. The ammonia ratio starts to decrease. This occurs in the first week of the biological cycle. It is half the stage of the biological cycle, which is completed from one month to one and a half months
Here we have nitrite and it also poses a danger to the fish, which is very toxic to the fish, although it is not as dangerous to fish as ammonia but also harmful in fish and here the increase in the proportion of nitrite in the basin consists of another type of bacteria fed on nitrite and converted to nitrate
As for nitrates, there are bacillus and sommonis bacteria
pseudomonas and Bacillus
These anaerobic bacteria live in anaerobic circles that convert nitrate nitrite back to nitrogen and then release into the air in a gas form
Now that we know the harmful substances and how and the factors that help to get rid of them we will touch on the subject of the composition of the session Bayelogip simplified
The natural biological cycle is the beginning of the nitrogen cycle and the durability of the entire life cycle of the ponds, which is important for the survival and preservation of the life and health of the fish. The biological cycle begins when ammonia begins to form in the basin due to fish waste and the decomposition of the decomposed food. Although ammonia is harmful to fish, Because it represents the food for beneficial bacteria, which allows bacteria to be formed and grow and spread well
The work of the pelvic session in the basin will be explained briefly and in a simplified manner
When the ammonia in the basin consists of the residue of food and waste, which are harmful elements in the aquarium for the fish. When increasing the proportion of ammonia in the basin, a type of bacteria begins to form in the basin,
nitrosomonas
The bacteria begin to feed on ammonia and turn it into nitrite. The ammonia ratio starts to decrease. This occurs in the first week of the biological cycle. It is half the stage of the biological cycle, which is completed from one month to one and a half months
This is also a danger to fish, which is highly toxic to fish, although it is not as dangerous to fish as ammonia, but it is also harmful in fish, and here is the increase in nitrite in the basin. Another type of bacteria that feeds on nitrite and converts it into nitrates and nitrates, The aphthic bacteria into nitrite and then to the nitrogen as we explained previously
In the period not a few companies have manufactured some materials to speed up the process and each company secrets to the process of manufacturing, but these materials proved their activities in varying proportions according to the quality of the product is known that bacteria nitrosomonas multiply fission every 6 hours Nitropectr is the rate of reproduction every 12 this in normal conditions and without Any help factors, of course, bacteria need several factors to help them to form colonies and food, namely ammonia, including oxygen and the appropriate temperature and water free of chemicals such as chlorine and antibiotics, so that the environment suitable for the completion ... If none of these conditions is available
Either the process fails or is slow to form, so some companies add substances that eliminate chlorine and reduce the proportion of substances harmful to the salts and minerals with the addition of some steroids for bacteria such as acid and alcohol to deal with such things so this step is considered a good step in the process of establishing a session Bielogih conclusion process Pyelogic cycle is not required of us to set up the pyelogic cycle only, but to sustain it so as not to cause the collapse of the cycle. One of the factors that cause the collapse of the pyelogenous cycle is 1 - temperature. The sudden change in temperature has an effect on the life of bacteria as it has on the life of Asma 2 - the addition of materials for the treatment of disinfectants or antibiotics, either parasitic and viral antibiotics have no effect on the bacteria, but the incendiary materials, including 3 - failure to properly maintain the basin as a complete change of water or wash filters with chlorine or fish feeding in large quantities, especially at the beginning of the course This will lead to large quantities of production that bacteria can not treat because of their rate of time splitting. Here, the breakdown will be partial to the pyelogic cycle, so we will increase the amount of bacteria. Here, the role of the materials manufactured for this purpose, or change a small part of the water every day with quantitative reduction. This is where most fish farmers are asleep. The cycle is complete and any amount of harmful substances will be treated. But the percentage of the bacteria is absent. Is it suitable and ready for treatment? Maintaining the Pyelogic cycle There are some things and situations that some amateurs miss. First of all, we will talk briefly about how to change a part of the water, ie, periodic change. We must start by making sure that there is no chlorine in the water, and check it with chlorine detector if it is available in the markets in your countries. If the detector is not available, you should leave Enough water with a sugary air and a heater to raise the temperature to accelerate the process of evaporation of chlorine from water and to make sure we rest this water with the heater and sugar for two days so ensure the evaporation of chlorine from water and to make sure more so before adding water to the basin we test the acidity of water and degree If we can not do this, we transfer a fish and put it in this water and monitor it for a period which is the best proof of water quality before adding it. We observe during this period the fish breathe because the chlorine first affects the gals and the fish body and the mucous membrane of the body. Heat the tub with or Is higher than the pelvic degree so as not to cause the process of decomposition of the mucous membrane of the fish, which is the first line of defense of the fish against diseases and any defect will attack bacteria and cause several diseases, including white spots and the erosion of fins and fangs so we have to note that the water added either equal temperature Or a degree, for example, if one of us came out of a warm place to a colder place will be infected with colds or lethargy is a nasal mucosa and the attack of the vertex that cause colds or leaks so we have to know that the temperature impact on the mucosa whether it has fish or human They are The other case is exposed to the hobbyist, the transfer of fish from one basin to another or change the water basin after the completion of the pelvic cycle of the basin, some argue that the basin does not need periodic change, but miss the idea that there are ratios of ammonia, nitrite and varying nitrates may rise and therefore periodic change The biogeochemical cycle is dependent on the activity of the bilogic cycle and its permanence. It also avoids the fluctuation of the pores and the high temperature of the water. All these things affect the biological cycle. When the pyelogenous cycle collapses, the hobbyist attempts to restore it again by initiating a complete change of the basin water and washing all the contents of the basin. In the basin for the non-activity of fish and vitality and there are those who used to wash the basin with salt and warm water each time and this is one of the reasons for the elimination of positive bacteria, which is beneficial to the basis of the cycle is true that salt is one of the sterilizers good and not have a negative impact on fish, but their use is not always but necessary Etc. The situation that must be followed in the case of the collapse of the pyelogical cycle is to change half the water of the basin because the collapse that occurred is partial and not completely so if we wash the basin and the complete change of water we have spent the entire cycle of bilogy but if we change the part Of the water of the basin will revive the cycle of belogic The procedures followed when the collapse of the cycle is the withdrawal of the pellets from the crush with the withdrawal of half the water of the basin and add new water and stabilize the temperature from 24 to 28 degrees Celsius, so we will return the cycle Albilogip to our ponds as soon as possible
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alyawm sawf yakun mawdueuna ean aldawrat albaylwjyt lkn bishakl lm natataraq lah min qibal bihayth sayakun 'akthar tafsilanaan
'iina hdha almwdwe litalima 'athar edt niqashat wajidalat hawl ma 'ahamiyat aldawrat albaylwjyt waturuq takwiniha walmudat almatlubat 'aw alty tastaghriquha hadhih aleamaliat wama hi fayidatuha wamahi almawadi alddarat alty tuealijuha wakayfiat altakhalus min hadhih almawadi alyawm sawf ashrah lkn ean hadhih al'umur bima aierafah eanha waean mueawiqat 'iinsha' hadhih aleamaliat warjw min allah 'iin atmkn min 'iisal almaelumat 'iilaykum
awla nabtada' bialmawadi alddartuawiliha alamwnya
H2+N2=NH3
taqum al'asmak bisafih mustamirih taqribaan bi'afraz almarkabat alnntrujinyh fi sur mutaeadidih tashmal alamwnya wabed min hamid alyurik walmurkibat alnntrujyniat al'ukhraa wttkhls al'asmak min alamwnya almutakawinih fi alkabid ean tariq alkhayashim taht tathir ma yusamaa quat alainshar almulahii 'aya alhayz eali alkathafat walqalil alkathafat wayakun huna bishakl basit warubama yatasayal albaed ean sbb wade almulihi litaqlil alaijhad ealaa al'asmak falmalahi yusaeid ealaa khalaq hayz qalil alkathafat mimaa yusaeid al'asmak ealaa altakhalus min alsamum alty badakhil jism alsamakat ean tariq hadhih aleamaliat baynama yakhruj baqy alntrwjyn fi shakl yuria biaistithna' almarkabat albaraziih alnntrujiniat wabialttali tatahawal 'iilaa amwnya wahunalik masdar akhar llamunia wahu eundat altamthil alghidhayiyi lilaihmad alamynyt alty tumathil masdar alttaqat tatahawal 'iilaa nutarawajin watahalul almawadi alnabatiat walhaywaniat almayatah 'iilaa amwnya wakadhlik alyuria liuntaj eanha alamwnya wathani awksyd alkarbwn 'ana alamwnya tadhub fi alma' mukuanuh hydrwksydamwnywm
H2O+NH3↔NH4OH↔NH4+ OH‾
fi alwasat almayiyi fatazdad biziadatihima
Ph
thaniaan alntryt walnatarat
alntrit hu natij tahul alamwnya bwastt nawe min albiktiria wahi alntrusumunas wahi aleamil alwasit liltahawul bimusaeadat alawksjyn wanawe akhar litahwil alntryt 'iilaa ntrat 'iilaa wahi alnytrysfyrws wahi ahda 'anwae alnatrubaktur
NH3+O2 ------------NO3-----NO2+3H
aldawrat albaylujiat altabieiat hi eibarat ean bidayat aldawrat alntrujyniat wadimumat dawrat hayat alkamilat lilahwad walmuhimat libiqa' walhifaz ealaa hayat washat al'asmak wahuna tabada' aldawrat albilujiat eindama tabada' alamwnya fi altakun bialhawd natijat fadalat al'asmak wabiqayat altaeam almutahalil waealaa alrghm mn 'ana alamwnya hi mudarat bialasmak lkn wujudiha fi albidayat daruriin li'anaha tumathil alghidha' lilbiktiria alnnafieat mimaa yasmah yatakawan albiktiria wanumuha waintishariha bialshakl aljayid
'iina eamal aldawrat albaylujiat fi alhawd sawf nusharihuh biaikhtisar wabishakl mubasit
faeindama ttkwnalamunia fi alhawd min biqayat alaiteimat walfadalat wahi min aleanasir alddarat fi alhawd balnsbt lilasmak waeind ziadat nisbat alamwnya fi alhawd tabda' nawe min 'ashkal albiktiria bialtakun fi alhawd watusamaa
nitrosomonas
wahadhah albiktiria tabda' tatghadhaa ealaa alamwnya watahawulaha 'iilaa ntrit waeanha tabada' nisbat alamwnya bialainkhifad wayahsul hdha al'amr fi al'usbue al'awal min eamaliat takun aldawrat albaylujiat wayuetabar hu nsf marhalat takun aldawrat albaylujiat alty taktamil min shahr 'iilaa shahr wanisf taqribaan
wahuna 'asbah eindana alntryt wahu 'aydaan yushakil khatar ealaa al'asmak wahu shadid alsimiyat ealaa al'asmak eilmaan 'anah lays binafs alkhuturat ealaa al'asmak mithl alamwnya likunh 'aydaan dar fi al'asmak wahuna eindat ziadat nisbat alntrit fi alhawd tatakawan nawe akhar min albiktiria tatghadhaa ealaa alntryt watuhawulah 'iilaa alnatarat
'amma alnatarat ftwjd bikatiria albysls walsiydumunis
pseudomonas and Bacillus
wahadhah albiktiria alahwayiyat taeish fi 'awsat lahiwayiyat taqum bitahwil alnatarat alntryt bisurat euksiat thuma 'iilaa ntarawajin yataharar 'iilaa alhawa' bisurat ghaz
alan baed 'an taearafna ealaa almawadi alddarat waealaa kayfiat waleawamil alty tusaeid ealaa altakhalus minha sawf natataraq 'iilaa mawdue takwin aldawrat albaylwjyat bishakl mubasit
aldawrat albaylujiat altabieiat hi eibarat ean bidayat aldawrat alntrujyniat wadimumat dawrat hayat alkamilat lilahwad walmuhimat libiqa' walhifaz ealaa hayat washat al'asmak wahuna tabada' aldawrat albilujiat eindama tabada' alamwnya fi altakun bialhawd natijat fadalat al'asmak wabiqayat altaeam almutahalil waealaa alrghm mn 'ana alamwnya hi mudarat bialasmak lkn wujudiha fi albidayat daruriin li'anaha tumathil alghidha' lilbiktiria alnnafieat mimaa yasmah yatakawan albiktiria wanumuha waintishariha bialshakl aljayid
'iina eamal aldawrat albaylujiat fi alhawd sawf nusharihuh biaikhtisar wabishakl mubasit
faeindama ttkwnalamunia fi alhawd min biqayat alaiteimat walfadalat wahi min aleanasir alddarat fi alhawd balnsbt lilasmak waeind ziadat nisbat alamwnya fi alhawd tabda' nawe min 'ashkal albiktiria bialtakun fi alhawd watusamaa
nitrosomonas
wahadhah albiktiria tabda' tatghadhaa ealaa alamwnya watahawulaha 'iilaa ntrit waeanha tabada' nisbat alamwnya bialainkhifad wayahsul hdha al'amr fi al'usbue al'awal min eamaliat takun aldawrat albaylujiat wayuetabar hu nsf marhalat takun aldawrat albaylujiat alty taktamil min shahr 'iilaa shahr wanisf taqribaan
wahuna 'asbah eindana alntryt wahu 'aydaan yushakil khatar ealaa al'asmak wahu shadid alsimiyat ealaa al'asmak eilmaan 'anah lays binafs alkhuturat ealaa al'asmak mithl alamwnya likunh 'aydaan dar fi al'asmak wahuna eindat ziadat nisbat alntrit fi alhawd tatakawan nawe akhar min albiktiria tatghadhaa ealaa alntryt watahawulah 'iilaa alnatarat walnatrat tatahawal bifiel albiktiria alahwayyt 'iilaa ntrit thuma 'iilaa ntarawajin kama wadahna sabiqaan
wafi alfatrat laysat bialqalilat qamat alsharikat bitasnie bed almawadi litasrie takun hadhih aleamaliat walikuli sharikat asrariha bieamaliat tasnieiha walikun 'athbatat hadhih almawadi faealiatiha binusub mutafawatih hsb jawdat almuntaj min almaeruf 'ana albiktiria alntrusumunas tatakathar bialainshitar kl 6 saeat 'iimaa alnitrubuktur yakun mueadal takathuriha kl 12 hdha bialzuruf altabieiat wamin dun 'ayi eawamil musaeadat tbea albiktiria tahtaj 'iilaa edt eawamil musaeadat hataa tatakawan minha almustaemarat walghidha' 'aya alamwnya waminha alawksjyn wadarajat alhararat almunasibat wakhulu alma' min almawadi alkimiayiyat mithl alkulur walmadadat alhayawiat hataa takun albiyat munasabatan li'iitmam eamal wa'iidha ma lm yatawafar ahd hadhih alshurut
'amma 'ana tfshl aleamaliat 'aw takun batiyatan altakwin ldhlk tdyf bed alsharikat mawada taqdi ealaa alklwr wtqll nisab almwadaldart min amlah wmeadn mae 'iidafat bed almunashitat llbktyrya mithl alhwamd w alkuhul limuealajat mithl hadhih al'umur ldhlk tuetabar hadhih alkhatwat min alkhtwat aljayidat fi eamaliat 'iinsha' aldawrat albaylwjyt khtama eamaliat adamt aldawrat albaylwjyt falays almatlub minaa 'iinsha' aldawrat albaylwjyt faqat 'iinama adamtha hataa la nsbb ainhiar aldawrat wamin aleawamil alty tasabab ainhiar aldawrat albaylwjyt hi 1- darajat alhararat altaghayur almfajy bdrjat alhararat lah tathir ealaa hayat albktyra mithlama lah tathir ealaa hayat al'asmak 2- 'iidafat almawadi alkhasat balelajat min mthrat 'aw mdadat hayawiat 'iimaa almdadat altfylyt walfayrwsyt la tathir laha ealaa albktyryt 'iilaa almawadi alharqt minha 3- edm sianat alhawd bialshakl alsahih ktghyr kamil lilma' 'aw ghsl alflatr bima' fih klwr 'aw 'iiteam al'asmak bikamiyat kabirat khususaan fi bidayat 'iinsha' aldawrat albaylwjyt hdha al'amr yuadiy 'iilaa 'iintaj kamiyat kabir la tastatie albktyrya mealjth bsbb mueadal anshtarha balwqt wahuna sawf yakun alainhiar jzyy lildawrat albaylwjyt fa'amaa 'iin nezz kamiyat albktyrya wahuna yati dawr almawadi almsnet lhdha algharad 'aw tughayir juz' lays bialqalil min alma' kula yawm mae taqlil kamiyat altaeam whdha al'amr yaqae fih 'aghlab mrbyn al'asmak dnna bi'ana aldawrat aktmlt way kamiyat min almawadi aldart sawf tuealaj lkn yaghib eanh nisbat almstemrt min albktyrya hal hi munasabat wmstedt lilmuealajat alhifaz ealaa aldawrat albaylwjyt hnalk bed al'umur walhalat alty taghib ean bed alhuat wahi halat naql al'asmak wtghyyr aldawrii lilmiah al'usbueii fi albidayat sawf natakalam bmkhtsr ean kayfiat taghyir juz' min almiah 'aya altaghyir aldawrii yjb ealayna balbdayt alta'akud min edm wujud madat alklwr fi alma' wdhlk bfhsh bkashf alklwr hdha 'iidha kanmtwfr fi al'aswaq alty fi bldankm wa'iidha lm yatawafar alkashf ealaykum 'an tarkanuu kamiyat kafiat min almiah mae wade skryt alhawa' bih wskhan rafae alhararat hataa nsre eamaliat tbkhr alklwr min alma' wlltakd 'akthar nrkn hdha alma' mae alskhan walskryt limudat yawmayn bdhlk nadman tbkhr alklwr min alma' wlltakd 'akthar min dhlk qabl 'an ndyf alma' 'iilaa alhawd ealayna fhs hamdyt alma' wdrjt aleusrat wa'iidha taeadhar ealayna dhlk naqum binaql smkt wndeha fi hadha alma' wnraqbha lifatrat wahi 'ahsan dalil ealaa jawdat alma' qabl adafth nuraqib khilal hadhih alfatrat tanafas alsmkt li'ana alklwr 'awal ma yuathir ealaa alghlasm waealaa jism alsmkt walghsha' almkhaty lljsm qabl hadhih naql alma' 'iilaa alhawd yjb mueadilatan darajat alhararat mae alhawd 'aw 'an yakun 'aelaa min alhawd bidarajat likay la yusabib dhlk eamaliat anslakh alghsha' almkhaty ljsm alsmkt aldhy hu yuetabar alkhati aldifaeia al'awal llsmkt dida al'amrad way khalal bih sawf thajm albktyrya watasabab edt 'amrad minha alnqt albyda' wtakl alzeanf walfnjs ldhlk ealayna 'an nlahz 'ana alma' almdaf 'iimaa mutaeadil bidarajat alhararat 'aw ealaa bidarajat waealaa sabil almithal law kharaj 'ahadana min makan dafy 'iilaa makan abrd minh sawf ysab balzkam 'aw alrshh wahu anslakh alghsha' almkhaty llanf wahujum alfyrsat alty tasabab alzkam 'aw alrshh ldhlk ealayna 'an naelam 'ana lidarajat alhararat tathir ealaa alghsha' almkhaty swa' eindah al'asmak 'aw eind al'iinsan hnalk halat 'ukhraa yataearad laha alhawy 'iilaa wahi naql al'asmak min hawd 'iilaa akhir 'aw taghyir ma'an alhawd baed aktmal aldawrat albylwjyt llhwd ydn albaed 'iina alhawd la yahtaj 'iilaa altaghyir aldawrii lkn yaghib ean fkrh 'ana hnak nisab min alamwnya walntryt walntrat mutafawitat mmkn 'an tartafie wldhlk altaghyir aldawrii yhafd ealaa nashat aldawrat albaylwjyt wdymwmytha kama 'anah yhafd ealaa tadhabdhub alby atj wairtifae aleusrat fi almiah wakulu hadhih al'umur tuathir ealaa aldawrat albylwjyt ldhlk eind ainhiar aldawrat albaylwjyt yuhawil alhawy 'ana yeydha mn jadid fybd' bitaghyir alkamil lma' alhawd wghsl kl mhtwyat alhawd ldnh 'ana hnalk 'asabah balhwd ledm nashat al'asmak whywytha wahunalik min aietad ghsl alhawd balmlh walma' aldafy kl marat whdha ahd 'asbab alqada' ealaa albktyrya almwjbt 'aya alnafet alty hi 'asas aldawrat albylwjyt sahih 'ana almulihi hu 'ahad almeqmat aljayidat walati lays laha tathir salbiun ealaa al'asmak lkn aistikhdamuha lays dayimaan 'iinama lldrwrt mithl efn alslkwn wghyrha alhalat alty yjb atbaeha fi halat ainhiar aldawrat albaylwjyt hi taghyir nsf ma'an alhawd li'ana alainhiar aldhy hasal hu jzyy walays balkaml ldhlk 'iidha qumna bghsl alhawd waltghyyr alkamil lilma' nakun qad qadayna ealaa aldawrat albylwjyt balkaml lkn 'iidha maqmna bialtaghyir juz' min maa' alhawd sawf nnesh aldawrat albylwjyt 'iimaa al'iijra'at almutabaeat eind ainhiar aldawrat albylwjyt hi sahb alfdlat min aljrsh mae sahb nsf ma'an alhawd wa'iidafatan ma'an jadid watathbit darajat alhararat mn24ala28 darajatan mywyt wbdhlk sawf neyd aldawrat albylwjyt 'iilaa ahwadna bi'asrae waqt
alyawm sawf yakun mawdueuna ean aldawrat albaylwjyt lkn bishakl lm natataraq lah min qibal bihayth sayakun 'akthar tafsilanaan
'iina hdha almwdwe litalima 'athar edt niqashat wajidalat hawl ma 'ahamiyat aldawrat albaylwjyt waturuq takwiniha walmudat almatlubat 'aw alty tastaghriquha hadhih aleamaliat wama hi fayidatuha wamahi almawadi alddarat alty tuealijuha wakayfiat altakhalus min hadhih almawadi alyawm sawf ashrah lkn ean hadhih al'umur bima aierafah eanha waean mueawiqat 'iinsha' hadhih aleamaliat warjw min allah 'iin atmkn min 'iisal almaelumat 'iilaykum
awla nabtada' bialmawadi alddartuawiliha alamwnya
H2+N2=NH3
taqum al'asmak bisafih mustamirih taqribaan bi'afraz almarkabat alnntrujinyh fi sur mutaeadidih tashmal alamwnya wabed min hamid alyurik walmurkibat alnntrujyniat al'ukhraa wttkhls al'asmak min alamwnya almutakawinih fi alkabid ean tariq alkhayashim taht tathir ma yusamaa quat alainshar almulahii 'aya alhayz eali alkathafat walqalil alkathafat wayakun huna bishakl basit warubama yatasayal albaed ean sbb wade almulihi litaqlil alaijhad ealaa al'asmak falmalahi yusaeid ealaa khalaq hayz qalil alkathafat mimaa yusaeid al'asmak ealaa altakhalus min alsamum alty badakhil jism alsamakat ean tariq hadhih aleamaliat baynama yakhruj baqy alntrwjyn fi shakl yuria biaistithna' almarkabat albaraziih alnntrujiniat wabialttali tatahawal 'iilaa amwnya wahunalik masdar akhar llamunia wahu eundat altamthil alghidhayiyi lilaihmad alamynyt alty tumathil masdar alttaqat tatahawal 'iilaa nutarawajin watahalul almawadi alnabatiat walhaywaniat almayatah 'iilaa amwnya wakadhlik alyuria liuntaj eanha alamwnya wathani awksyd alkarbwn 'ana alamwnya tadhub fi alma' mukuanuh hydrwksydamwnywm
H2O+NH3↔NH4OH↔NH4+ OH‾
fi alwasat almayiyi fatazdad biziadatihima
Ph
thaniaan alntryt walnatarat
alntrit hu natij tahul alamwnya bwastt nawe min albiktiria wahi alntrusumunas wahi aleamil alwasit liltahawul bimusaeadat alawksjyn wanawe akhar litahwil alntryt 'iilaa ntrat 'iilaa wahi alnytrysfyrws wahi ahda 'anwae alnatrubaktur
NH3+O2 ------------NO3-----NO2+3H
aldawrat albaylujiat altabieiat hi eibarat ean bidayat aldawrat alntrujyniat wadimumat dawrat hayat alkamilat lilahwad walmuhimat libiqa' walhifaz ealaa hayat washat al'asmak wahuna tabada' aldawrat albilujiat eindama tabada' alamwnya fi altakun bialhawd natijat fadalat al'asmak wabiqayat altaeam almutahalil waealaa alrghm mn 'ana alamwnya hi mudarat bialasmak lkn wujudiha fi albidayat daruriin li'anaha tumathil alghidha' lilbiktiria alnnafieat mimaa yasmah yatakawan albiktiria wanumuha waintishariha bialshakl aljayid
'iina eamal aldawrat albaylujiat fi alhawd sawf nusharihuh biaikhtisar wabishakl mubasit
faeindama ttkwnalamunia fi alhawd min biqayat alaiteimat walfadalat wahi min aleanasir alddarat fi alhawd balnsbt lilasmak waeind ziadat nisbat alamwnya fi alhawd tabda' nawe min 'ashkal albiktiria bialtakun fi alhawd watusamaa
nitrosomonas
wahadhah albiktiria tabda' tatghadhaa ealaa alamwnya watahawulaha 'iilaa ntrit waeanha tabada' nisbat alamwnya bialainkhifad wayahsul hdha al'amr fi al'usbue al'awal min eamaliat takun aldawrat albaylujiat wayuetabar hu nsf marhalat takun aldawrat albaylujiat alty taktamil min shahr 'iilaa shahr wanisf taqribaan
wahuna 'asbah eindana alntryt wahu 'aydaan yushakil khatar ealaa al'asmak wahu shadid alsimiyat ealaa al'asmak eilmaan 'anah lays binafs alkhuturat ealaa al'asmak mithl alamwnya likunh 'aydaan dar fi al'asmak wahuna eindat ziadat nisbat alntrit fi alhawd tatakawan nawe akhar min albiktiria tatghadhaa ealaa alntryt watuhawulah 'iilaa alnatarat
'amma alnatarat ftwjd bikatiria albysls walsiydumunis
pseudomonas and Bacillus
wahadhah albiktiria alahwayiyat taeish fi 'awsat lahiwayiyat taqum bitahwil alnatarat alntryt bisurat euksiat thuma 'iilaa ntarawajin yataharar 'iilaa alhawa' bisurat ghaz
alan baed 'an taearafna ealaa almawadi alddarat waealaa kayfiat waleawamil alty tusaeid ealaa altakhalus minha sawf natataraq 'iilaa mawdue takwin aldawrat albaylwjyat bishakl mubasit
aldawrat albaylujiat altabieiat hi eibarat ean bidayat aldawrat alntrujyniat wadimumat dawrat hayat alkamilat lilahwad walmuhimat libiqa' walhifaz ealaa hayat washat al'asmak wahuna tabada' aldawrat albilujiat eindama tabada' alamwnya fi altakun bialhawd natijat fadalat al'asmak wabiqayat altaeam almutahalil waealaa alrghm mn 'ana alamwnya hi mudarat bialasmak lkn wujudiha fi albidayat daruriin li'anaha tumathil alghidha' lilbiktiria alnnafieat mimaa yasmah yatakawan albiktiria wanumuha waintishariha bialshakl aljayid
'iina eamal aldawrat albaylujiat fi alhawd sawf nusharihuh biaikhtisar wabishakl mubasit
faeindama ttkwnalamunia fi alhawd min biqayat alaiteimat walfadalat wahi min aleanasir alddarat fi alhawd balnsbt lilasmak waeind ziadat nisbat alamwnya fi alhawd tabda' nawe min 'ashkal albiktiria bialtakun fi alhawd watusamaa
nitrosomonas
wahadhah albiktiria tabda' tatghadhaa ealaa alamwnya watahawulaha 'iilaa ntrit waeanha tabada' nisbat alamwnya bialainkhifad wayahsul hdha al'amr fi al'usbue al'awal min eamaliat takun aldawrat albaylujiat wayuetabar hu nsf marhalat takun aldawrat albaylujiat alty taktamil min shahr 'iilaa shahr wanisf taqribaan
wahuna 'asbah eindana alntryt wahu 'aydaan yushakil khatar ealaa al'asmak wahu shadid alsimiyat ealaa al'asmak eilmaan 'anah lays binafs alkhuturat ealaa al'asmak mithl alamwnya likunh 'aydaan dar fi al'asmak wahuna eindat ziadat nisbat alntrit fi alhawd tatakawan nawe akhar min albiktiria tatghadhaa ealaa alntryt watahawulah 'iilaa alnatarat walnatrat tatahawal bifiel albiktiria alahwayyt 'iilaa ntrit thuma 'iilaa ntarawajin kama wadahna sabiqaan
wafi alfatrat laysat bialqalilat qamat alsharikat bitasnie bed almawadi litasrie takun hadhih aleamaliat walikuli sharikat asrariha bieamaliat tasnieiha walikun 'athbatat hadhih almawadi faealiatiha binusub mutafawatih hsb jawdat almuntaj min almaeruf 'ana albiktiria alntrusumunas tatakathar bialainshitar kl 6 saeat 'iimaa alnitrubuktur yakun mueadal takathuriha kl 12 hdha bialzuruf altabieiat wamin dun 'ayi eawamil musaeadat tbea albiktiria tahtaj 'iilaa edt eawamil musaeadat hataa tatakawan minha almustaemarat walghidha' 'aya alamwnya waminha alawksjyn wadarajat alhararat almunasibat wakhulu alma' min almawadi alkimiayiyat mithl alkulur walmadadat alhayawiat hataa takun albiyat munasabatan li'iitmam eamal wa'iidha ma lm yatawafar ahd hadhih alshurut
'amma 'ana tfshl aleamaliat 'aw takun batiyatan altakwin ldhlk tdyf bed alsharikat mawada taqdi ealaa alklwr wtqll nisab almwadaldart min amlah wmeadn mae 'iidafat bed almunashitat llbktyrya mithl alhwamd w alkuhul limuealajat mithl hadhih al'umur ldhlk tuetabar hadhih alkhatwat min alkhtwat aljayidat fi eamaliat 'iinsha' aldawrat albaylwjyt khtama eamaliat adamt aldawrat albaylwjyt falays almatlub minaa 'iinsha' aldawrat albaylwjyt faqat 'iinama adamtha hataa la nsbb ainhiar aldawrat wamin aleawamil alty tasabab ainhiar aldawrat albaylwjyt hi 1- darajat alhararat altaghayur almfajy bdrjat alhararat lah tathir ealaa hayat albktyra mithlama lah tathir ealaa hayat al'asmak 2- 'iidafat almawadi alkhasat balelajat min mthrat 'aw mdadat hayawiat 'iimaa almdadat altfylyt walfayrwsyt la tathir laha ealaa albktyryt 'iilaa almawadi alharqt minha 3- edm sianat alhawd bialshakl alsahih ktghyr kamil lilma' 'aw ghsl alflatr bima' fih klwr 'aw 'iiteam al'asmak bikamiyat kabirat khususaan fi bidayat 'iinsha' aldawrat albaylwjyt hdha al'amr yuadiy 'iilaa 'iintaj kamiyat kabir la tastatie albktyrya mealjth bsbb mueadal anshtarha balwqt wahuna sawf yakun alainhiar jzyy lildawrat albaylwjyt fa'amaa 'iin nezz kamiyat albktyrya wahuna yati dawr almawadi almsnet lhdha algharad 'aw tughayir juz' lays bialqalil min alma' kula yawm mae taqlil kamiyat altaeam whdha al'amr yaqae fih 'aghlab mrbyn al'asmak dnna bi'ana aldawrat aktmlt way kamiyat min almawadi aldart sawf tuealaj lkn yaghib eanh nisbat almstemrt min albktyrya hal hi munasabat wmstedt lilmuealajat alhifaz ealaa aldawrat albaylwjyt hnalk bed al'umur walhalat alty taghib ean bed alhuat wahi halat naql al'asmak wtghyyr aldawrii lilmiah al'usbueii fi albidayat sawf natakalam bmkhtsr ean kayfiat taghyir juz' min almiah 'aya altaghyir aldawrii yjb ealayna balbdayt alta'akud min edm wujud madat alklwr fi alma' wdhlk bfhsh bkashf alklwr hdha 'iidha kanmtwfr fi al'aswaq alty fi bldankm wa'iidha lm yatawafar alkashf ealaykum 'an tarkanuu kamiyat kafiat min almiah mae wade skryt alhawa' bih wskhan rafae alhararat hataa nsre eamaliat tbkhr alklwr min alma' wlltakd 'akthar nrkn hdha alma' mae alskhan walskryt limudat yawmayn bdhlk nadman tbkhr alklwr min alma' wlltakd 'akthar min dhlk qabl 'an ndyf alma' 'iilaa alhawd ealayna fhs hamdyt alma' wdrjt aleusrat wa'iidha taeadhar ealayna dhlk naqum binaql smkt wndeha fi hadha alma' wnraqbha lifatrat wahi 'ahsan dalil ealaa jawdat alma' qabl adafth nuraqib khilal hadhih alfatrat tanafas alsmkt li'ana alklwr 'awal ma yuathir ealaa alghlasm waealaa jism alsmkt walghsha' almkhaty lljsm qabl hadhih naql alma' 'iilaa alhawd yjb mueadilatan darajat alhararat mae alhawd 'aw 'an yakun 'aelaa min alhawd bidarajat likay la yusabib dhlk eamaliat anslakh alghsha' almkhaty ljsm alsmkt aldhy hu yuetabar alkhati aldifaeia al'awal llsmkt dida al'amrad way khalal bih sawf thajm albktyrya watasabab edt 'amrad minha alnqt albyda' wtakl alzeanf walfnjs ldhlk ealayna 'an nlahz 'ana alma' almdaf 'iimaa mutaeadil bidarajat alhararat 'aw ealaa bidarajat waealaa sabil almithal law kharaj 'ahadana min makan dafy 'iilaa makan abrd minh sawf ysab balzkam 'aw alrshh wahu anslakh alghsha' almkhaty llanf wahujum alfyrsat alty tasabab alzkam 'aw alrshh ldhlk ealayna 'an naelam 'ana lidarajat alhararat tathir ealaa alghsha' almkhaty swa' eindah al'asmak 'aw eind al'iinsan hnalk halat 'ukhraa yataearad laha alhawy 'iilaa wahi naql al'asmak min hawd 'iilaa akhir 'aw taghyir ma'an alhawd baed aktmal aldawrat albylwjyt llhwd ydn albaed 'iina alhawd la yahtaj 'iilaa altaghyir aldawrii lkn yaghib ean fkrh 'ana hnak nisab min alamwnya walntryt walntrat mutafawitat mmkn 'an tartafie wldhlk altaghyir aldawrii yhafd ealaa nashat aldawrat albaylwjyt wdymwmytha kama 'anah yhafd ealaa tadhabdhub alby atj wairtifae aleusrat fi almiah wakulu hadhih al'umur tuathir ealaa aldawrat albylwjyt ldhlk eind ainhiar aldawrat albaylwjyt yuhawil alhawy 'ana yeydha mn jadid fybd' bitaghyir alkamil lma' alhawd wghsl kl mhtwyat alhawd ldnh 'ana hnalk 'asabah balhwd ledm nashat al'asmak whywytha wahunalik min aietad ghsl alhawd balmlh walma' aldafy kl marat whdha ahd 'asbab alqada' ealaa albktyrya almwjbt 'aya alnafet alty hi 'asas aldawrat albylwjyt sahih 'ana almulihi hu 'ahad almeqmat aljayidat walati lays laha tathir salbiun ealaa al'asmak lkn aistikhdamuha lays dayimaan 'iinama lldrwrt mithl efn alslkwn wghyrha alhalat alty yjb atbaeha fi halat ainhiar aldawrat albaylwjyt hi taghyir nsf ma'an alhawd li'ana alainhiar aldhy hasal hu jzyy walays balkaml ldhlk 'iidha qumna bghsl alhawd waltghyyr alkamil lilma' nakun qad qadayna ealaa aldawrat albylwjyt balkaml lkn 'iidha maqmna bialtaghyir juz' min maa' alhawd sawf nnesh aldawrat albylwjyt 'iimaa al'iijra'at almutabaeat eind ainhiar aldawrat albylwjyt hi sahb alfdlat min aljrsh mae sahb nsf ma'an alhawd wa'iidafatan ma'an jadid watathbit darajat alhararat mn24ala28 darajatan mywyt wbdhlk sawf neyd aldawrat albylwjyt 'iilaa ahwadna bi'asrae waqt
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